How to Read Console Errors In-Game with StackDeobfuscator
Open the Console
Launch Minecraft with the console window visible (most launchers have a toggle for this). StackDeobfuscator remaps errors printed to the console, so anything you see there uses readable names.
Watch for Red Text
Errors and warnings appear in red or yellow. When something goes wrong, the console prints a stack trace. Read it the same way you would a crash report: the top line is the exception, the lines below are the call chain.
Spot the Mod Package
Look for package names that are not net.minecraft. Those are mods. The first mod package in the trace is usually where the error started. If you see a Minecraft class calling into a mod class, the mod is likely at fault; if a mod class calls into Minecraft and fails, the mod may be passing bad data.
Use It Without Crashing
Many errors do not crash the game — they just spam the console. If you see repeated identical traces, note the class and method names. That tells you which mod is misbehaving even when the game keeps running.
Copy the Trace
Select the console text and copy it before closing the game. The console is not saved automatically, so copy the trace if you plan to report it.