Using the Field Manual and Reading Samples
The Field Manual
Craft the Field Manual and keep it in your hotbar. It documents the ores, samples, and processing chains the mod adds, so you can check what a Sample corresponds to without guessing. Open it whenever you find an unfamiliar block.
Sample to Deposit Workflow
Every ore has a matching Sample block: Hematite Sample, Limonite Sample, Malachite Sample, Azurite Sample, Bauxite Sample, Cassiterite Sample, Galena Sample, Sphalerite Sample, Teallite Sample, Cinnabar Sample, Beryl Sample, Autunite Sample, Kimberlite Sample, Platinum Sample, Gold Sample, Poor Gold Sample, Coal Sample, Lignite Sample, Bituminous Coal Sample, Anthracitic Coal Sample, Assorted Quartz Sample, Lapis Lazuli Sample, and Ancient Debris Sample.
When you break one, note the type, then use the Prospector's Pick to confirm the direction and distance to the full deposit. Dig to the ore blocks — Hematite, Limonite, Malachite, Azurite, Bauxite, Cassiterite, Galena, Sphalerite, Teallite, Cinnabar, Beryl, Autunite, Kimberlite, Platinum, Gold, Poor Gold, Coal, Lignite, Bituminous Coal, Anthracitic Coal, Assorted Quartz, Lapis Lazuli, Ancient Debris — and mine the whole cluster.
Rhododendron is a plant you can find while exploring and is worth collecting alongside your samples. Smelt or blast the resulting clusters into ingots, nuggets, and coke products.